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Russia today
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Russia is a democratic federal rule-of-law state with the republican form of government. It consists of republics, territories, regions, federal cities, an autonomous region and autonomous areas - equal subjects of the Russian Federation. It is one of the largest countries of the world.
Formal Name: Russian Federation.
Short Form: Russia.
Capital: Moscow.
Russian Flag: Three equal-sized horizontal bands of white (top), blue and red.
Language: Russian.
Population: Total is about 142 mln people (as of 2010), consisting of Russians (79.8%), Tatars (3.8%), Ukrainians (2%), Bashkirs (1.2%), Chuvashes (1.1%), Chechens (0.9%), Armenians (0.8%) and others (10.4%).
Religion: Orthodox Christian, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism.
Size: 17,075,400 square kilometers (6,592,800 square miles).
Geography: Broad plain with low hills west of Urals in European Russia and vast coniferous forests and tundra east of Urals in Siberia. Uplands and mountains along southern border regions in Caucasus Mountains. About 10 percent of land area swampland, about 45 percent covered by forest. Its land ranges from the highest mountains in Europe to some of the lowest spots in the world, and from Arctic tundra to seemingly endless plains.
Climate: Ranges from temperate to Arctic continental. Winter weather varies from short-term and cold along Black Sea to long-term and frigid in Siberia. Summer conditions vary from warm on steppes to cool along Arctic coast. Much of Russia covered by snow six months of year. Weather is usually harsh and unpredictable. Average annual temperature of European Russia 0°C, lower in Siberia. Precipitation low to moderate in most areas; highest amounts in northwest, North Caucasus, and Pacific coast.
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City
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Average temperature
July (Centigrade)
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Average temperature
January (Centigrade)
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Moscow
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+22
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-15
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Saint Petersburg
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+22
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-12
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Vladimir
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+20
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-15
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| Kostroma |
+20 |
-12 |
| Archangelsk |
+18 |
-15 |
| Novosibirsk |
+22 |
-23 |
| Khabarovsk |
+23 |
-18 |
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Irkutsk (Lake Baikal)
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+20
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-23
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Time: Moscow and St. Petersburg are 8 (eight) hours ahead of U.S. Eastern Standard Time and 2 (two) hours ahead of most of West Europe countries. Russia spans 9 time zones. The difference between Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT) and the time in some Russian cities are: Moscow and Saint Petersburg +3, Volga-river towns +4, Krasnoyarsk and Enisei-river towns +7, Kamchatka +12.
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS
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Jan 1-2
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New Year
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Jan 7
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Orthodox (Russian) Christmas
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Feb 23
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Day of Defender of Motherland
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Mar 8
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International Women's Day
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May 1-2
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Spring and Labor Day
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May 9
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Victory Day
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Jun 12
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Russian Independence Day
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Nov 7
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National Accord Day
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Dec 12
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Constitution Day
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Currency: The Russian currency is Ruble.
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 Saint-Petersburg for 3, 4, 5 days
Moscow for 3, 4, 5 days
St. Petersburg – Moscow, 7 days
Standard Golden Ring, 7 days
Big Golden Ring of Russia, 9 days
Trans-Siberian Express, 12 days (St. Petersburg - Moscow - Irkutsk - Lake - Baikal - Khabarovsk)
St. Petersburg – Lake Baikal, 8 days (St. Petersburg – Ekaterinburg – Lake Baikal)
St. Petersburg – Novgorod, 4 days
Cruise St. Petersburg – Mandrogi – Kizhi – Valaam, 3 days
Cruise St. Petersburg – Valaam, 1 day
Cruise St. Petersburg – Moscow, 5 days
Untitled document
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